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N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)
N-Acetylcysteine, commonly known as NAC, is a derivative of the amino acid cysteine and is a compound with significant therapeutic versatility. Its most well-established role is as an antidote for acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose, where it functions by replenishing intracellular stores of glutathione, a critical antioxidant.
Beyond this acute application, NAC has been employed for decades as a mucolytic agent, helping to break down thick mucus in respiratory conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis. This long history of use underscores its importance in clinical pharmacology and its relatively favorable safety profile, making it a subject of continuous research for new applications.
The core of NAC’s broad potential lies in its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities. By acting as a precursor to glutathione, it helps cells maintain redox balance, counteracting the oxidative stress that contributes to the pathology of numerous diseases. Furthermore, studies suggest it can modulate inflammatory…